{"id":615,"date":"2017-11-15T11:00:29","date_gmt":"2017-11-15T16:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/?p=615"},"modified":"2021-05-03T20:30:54","modified_gmt":"2021-05-04T03:30:54","slug":"supervised-vs-unsupervised-machine-learning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/supervised-vs-unsupervised-machine-learning\/","title":{"rendered":"Supervised Vs. Unsupervised Machine Learning"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ever wondered how computers learn on their own? Yeah, me too! <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ever since the intersection of lightning-fast hardware and brilliant software, machines have been learning how to think like humans. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The otherworldly algorithms that drive growth and self-improvement actually exist! But how is any of this possible? The entirely rule-based system is called machine learning.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s not as complex as it sounds. At a high level, all machine learning algorithms can be classified into two categories, supervised and unsupervised learning. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the most part, you\u2019ll interact with the benefits of supervised learning at sites like Google, Spotify, Amazon, Netflix, and tons of new web apps, so let\u2019s start off with how supervised learning works.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supervised learning<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The important distinction here is supervised learning is guided by human intelligence, observation, and known outcomes. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In other words, we tell an algorithm the difference between \u201cright\u201d and \u201cwrong\u201d and ask them to mimic those results when new information is thrown their way. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With a well-built algorithm, the machine will be able to create a model to decipher patterns and improve its own efficiency, becoming more accurate over time. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The biggest negative with this type of learning is having enough data that includes all anomalies and edge-cases to accurately teach the algorithm how to handle each unique situation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supervised learning can be further divided based on the prediction method used.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Regression<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: used when the output variables are real values, such as scrum points or completion times<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"#1a\">Linear Regression<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"#1b\">Logistic Regression<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Classification<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: commonly utilized when dealing with outputs that represent classes<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"#2a\">Decision Trees<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"#2b\">Naive Bayes Algorithm<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"#2c\">Neural Networks<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cu-anchor\" name=\"1a\"><\/a><strong>Linear Regression<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; A modeling function that assumes a linear relationship between the input variables <\/span><b>x<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the single output variable <\/span><b>y<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and creates a trend-line (prediction model) using the formula <\/span><b>y=ax+b<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-625 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/linearregression.png\" alt=\"Task completed linear regression\" width=\"821\" height=\"465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/linearregression.png 821w, https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/linearregression-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/linearregression-768x435.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 821px) 100vw, 821px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"cu-anchor\" name=\"1b\"><\/a><b>Logistic Regression<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Also known as exponential (<strong>x<\/strong><\/span><strong><sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <strong>x<\/strong><\/span><strong><sup>3<\/sup><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, \u2026, <strong>x<\/strong><\/span><strong><sup>n<\/sup><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) or polynomial (<\/span><strong>y=ax<sup>2<\/sup>+bx+c<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) regression, is similar to linear regression but the trend-line (<\/span><strong>y=1\/(1+e<sup>x<\/sup>)<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) is assumed to be of a higher order<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-626 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/logisticregression.png\" alt=\"team velocity vs time logistic regression\" width=\"820\" height=\"461\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/logisticregression.png 820w, https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/logisticregression-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/logisticregression-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"cu-anchor\" name=\"2a\"><\/a><b>Decision Trees<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Generated from a sample data set with classification results, creating a visual flowchart mapping the entire classification process<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-624 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/dt-300x237.png\" alt=\"decision trees\" width=\"300\" height=\"237\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/dt-300x237.png 300w, https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/dt.png 724w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><i>ID3 Decision Tree Algorithm:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of my favorites. I think we should go through an example. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s brilliantly simple and makes analyzing large data sets a walk in the park. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This decision tree applies entropy (E) at each layer\/branch to determine which set (column) of data to analyze on its next iteration. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s look at the data set below to determine if a new candidate gets hired.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-629 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Machine_Learning_Blog_-_Google_Docs.png\" alt=\"candidate table\" width=\"632\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Machine_Learning_Blog_-_Google_Docs.png 632w, https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Machine_Learning_Blog_-_Google_Docs-300x115.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">First, we need to cleanse the data by condensing the variance results of each column into binary results: pass or fail. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To do this we will say the candidate needs to know multiple programming languages, have a score of 6 or above on our test, have acquired two or more certifications, and have worked more than 2,500 hours at previous jobs. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Applying these restrictions condenses the variance values as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-630 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Machine_Learning_Blog_-_Google_Docs-1.png\" alt=\"variance table\" width=\"630\" height=\"31\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Machine_Learning_Blog_-_Google_Docs-1.png 630w, https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Machine_Learning_Blog_-_Google_Docs-1-300x15.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Second, the algorithm finds the column with the most variance to reduce entropy as much as possible in the first stage. This would be either the previous experience (variance = 2:3) or certifications column (variance = 3:2). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ID3 Decision Tree algorithm would then produce a flow as follows.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 640px; height: 480px; margin: 10px; position: relative;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"LIGTY51Ub8Io\" style=\"width: 640px; height: 480px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lucidchart.com\/documents\/embeddedchart\/08f306cf-fe3e-41e5-b7cb-c35be7cd7a55\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the tree built from our training data, we can now feed new candidates into the system and quickly see if they will be hired.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"cu-anchor\" name=\"2b\"><\/a><b>Naive Bayes Algorithm<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; The probability of an event happening if another event is known to have happened <\/span><strong>P(A|B)=(P(B|A)P(A)) \/ P(B)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>P(A|B)<\/strong> = probability of A given that B happens<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>P(B|A)<\/strong> = probability of B given that A happens<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>P(A)<\/strong> = probability of A<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>P(B)<\/strong> = probability of B<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s go through a common example related to software developers living in Palo Alto, California. Our hypothesis is: software developers will work if their internet is fast. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We need to find if this is actually true. First, we survey some software developers regarding their work activity and test their internet connection speed:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-632 size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Machine_Learning_Blog_-_Google_Docs-2-168x300.png\" alt=\"survey table\" width=\"168\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Machine_Learning_Blog_-_Google_Docs-2-168x300.png 168w, https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Machine_Learning_Blog_-_Google_Docs-2.png 169w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 168px) 100vw, 168px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By applying the Naive Bayes algorithm to this small data set, we can determine the probability of our assertion being correct. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We\u2019ll use the term \u2018Work\u2019 in the event that the developer is working and the term \u2018Fast\u2019 if the internet is above 40 mbps.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Our equation:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>P(Work|Fast) = P(Fast|Work)*P(Work) \/ P(Fast)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>P(Fast|Work)<\/strong> = 3\/4 = 0.600 <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>P(Work)<\/strong>= 4\/8 = 0.500<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>P(Fast)<\/strong> = 3\/8 = 0.375 <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now, <strong>P(Work|Fast)<\/strong> = 0.66 * 0.286 \/ 0.375 =<\/span><b> 0.80<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which implies an 80% probability of these developers slacking off if they live in Palo Alto and are therefore forced to pay Comcast for their internet needs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"cu-anchor\" name=\"2c\"><\/a><b>Artificial Neural Network (ANN)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; The most popular deep learning technique in recent years, the ANN is a system of algorithms intelligently constructed to optimize the processing power of its own network. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ANN has received a lot of hype in recent years for its incredible self-improvement methods. These tools are where applications like personal assistants will be born.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Similar to neurons in the human brain, artificial, deep neural networks are formed by interconnected \u201cneurons\u201d with a varying weight that depends on result experience. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The input layer below is fed raw data (text, images, sounds), and the output layer delivers a confidence result that hopefully matches your desired results. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the result is poor, the network tries again with updated settings.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-627 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/neural1.png\" alt=\"Artificial Neural Network\" width=\"605\" height=\"324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/neural1.png 605w, https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/neural1-300x161.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 605px) 100vw, 605px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The benefit here is that each neuron can be formulated to utilize a single algorithm that could be good for certain data sets or poor for others. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As weights are adjusted for each neuron, the \u201cbrain\u201d learns where to best analyze the data for the highest confidence output and continues to adjust the neuron weights to fully optimize the network. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When you feed more data in, the machine gets smarter and more efficient at interpreting future inputs. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neural networks have proven to be the most accurate of all systems for large deep learning problems with the only downside being the time it takes to set up and train.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unsupervised learning<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the surface, unsupervised learning feels mysterious. There is no instruction on which outputs are right or wrong. They have no human guiding them in their interpretation of the data they are handed (other than the guidance of the algorithm\u2019s original author). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Algorithms of this nature must rely on clustering data and modifying themselves to account for new data structures. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With extremely large sets of data, these algorithms are immensely powerful and capable of finding undiscovered patterns from seemingly random data. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To visualize this process, imagine a child being introduced to the world for the first time. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Their first interaction with a four legged animal might be associated with hearing someone call out the word \u201cdog.\u201d <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the child then sees a cow, cat, or even another dog, he thinks \u201cdog\u201d for each of them. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is because the natural classification methods installed in a human brain informed him that the trait \u2018four legs\u2019 is associated with a specific animal type. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the child grows and sees more 4 legged animals, additional, detailed classifications emerge. Dogs, cows, and horses are all discovered to have distinct traits and become subsets of four legged animals in the child\u2019s mind. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s see how computer scientists are able to translate this idea into a program by looking at the<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0four main categories of unsupervised learning.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Clustering<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Reduces large datasets into much more digestible groups of information, and makes predictions for classifying future data points based on the discovered groups. Used by all modern search platforms. <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"#3a\">k-NN<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"#3b\">k-Means<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Descending Dimensions<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Transforms high-dimensional data into a smaller number of dimensions through ideal-compression.<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Association and Recommendation Systems<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: These constructs utilize clustering algorithms to anticipate what a user might be interested in based on as much historical data as they can get their hands on.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Reinforcement Learning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: A combination of learning types heavily reliant on unsupervised algorithms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cu-anchor\" name=\"3a\"><\/a><b>k-NN Clustering<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: This is the most basic, widely used clustering algorithm. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is able to classify new data points into a category based on the relationship to known data points. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imagine a scatterplot. You are able to compute the distance between any two data points, and two clusters of data points have just been recognized and categorized by the system.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s say a new point is dropped into the plot (shown below as a red start). <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The computer first checks the value of \u2018k\u2019 which we will say is three. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Then it calculates the distances between the new point and its three nearest neighboring points. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finally, the data point is categorized in relation to the highest percentage of nearby points. In the following picture, you can see how one might get different results if \u2018k\u2019 is set to three vs six.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-623 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/2012-10-26-knn-concept-300x225.png\" alt=\"k-NN Clustering\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/2012-10-26-knn-concept-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/2012-10-26-knn-concept-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/2012-10-26-knn-concept.png 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K-NN clustering is effective, but computationally intensive. This algorithm demands storing an entire dataset and running \u2018k\u2019 distance calculations for each new data point selected by the algorithm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>This is a computer&#8217;s solution to technology problems like pattern recognition, software testing, speech classification, and image identification.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"cu-anchor\" name=\"3b\"><\/a><b>k-Means Clustering<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u00a0This method attempts to split data into \u2018k\u2019 groups, where \u2018k\u2019 represents the number of groups you wish to define. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Want to split your data into three groups? Set \u2018k\u2019 to three. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To start, your computer will randomly set three centroidal points to create your clusters. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K-Means is an iterative algorithm that will keep replacing the centroids until the most optimal position is found. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the algorithm is assigning clusters (step 1 of 2), it checks the distances of each point to each centroid and assigns the point to the closest centroid. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Next (step 2 of 2) the centroid is moved to the average position of the points assigned to it. These steps are repeated until the optimal position for each centroid has been located<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-628 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/screenshot20140415at71026pm1.png\" alt=\"k-means clustering\" width=\"640\" height=\"416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/screenshot20140415at71026pm1.png 640w, https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/screenshot20140415at71026pm1-300x195.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"cu-anchor\" name=\"3c\"><\/a><b>Descending Dimensions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Dimensionality reduction is extremely useful in reducing computer processing time. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Re-arranging\/merging data sets in this way often reveals associations that would be hard to otherwise distinguish. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When possible, you should always enforce this concept to high-dimensional data.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, San Francisco offices have four features: room length, room width, number of rooms, and floor levels. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Given these classes of data, the data would have to be represented in a four-dimensional scatterplot. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, you can remove redundant information and reduce this data to a much more easily processed three-dimensional scatterplot. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We can combine \u2018room length\u2019 and \u2018room width\u2019 as a single dimension \u2018room area\u2019 with the method of descending dimensions. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"cu-anchor\" name=\"3d\"><\/a><b>Association and Recommendation Systems<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Association analysis covers all of the algorithms that you\u2019ve seen on sites such as amazon.com that display things like \u201cCustomers who bought this item also bought&#8230;\u201d or when Netflix shows you the currently trending movies. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simple association analysis deals with \u201ccurrent session\u201d information which means that no prior knowledge of the user is known. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recommendation systems, on the other hand, take this a step further and factor in past behavior including everything from sites you\u2019ve visited to who your friends on Facebook are and what they\u2019re interested in. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These have become extremely accurate but require very thorough information on the user and the items they are searching. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-653 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Facebook-Recommendation-bar-Crunchify-Plugin.png\" alt=\"facebook\" width=\"483\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Facebook-Recommendation-bar-Crunchify-Plugin.png 483w, https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Facebook-Recommendation-bar-Crunchify-Plugin-300x124.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 483px) 100vw, 483px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"cu-anchor\" name=\"3e\"><\/a><b>Reinforcement Learning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Often considered the \u201cmost advanced,\u201d reinforcement learning utilizes delayed deep learning, mixing delayed-supervised-knowledge with an unsupervised algorithm. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This allows the computer to learn by experience. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You\u2019ll often find this in artificial intelligence systems that allow a computer to slowly explore and fight in a video game. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As simple tricks and actions are learned to have a positive impact on situational outcomes (ex: avoiding death), the computer stores these in its arsenal for a real battle. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After some time, the computer is ready to be introduced to a brand new world with a full scale war. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We now find that the computer is able to compete on the same level as many humans (often even better). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This system of semi-supervised learning can also be referred to as \u2018Q-Learning\u2019 where positive reinforcement increases Q while negative decreases Q.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At ClickUp<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In its current state, the machine learning features at ClickUp are silently learning trends, behaviors, and teams in the background. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As we roll out future updates, you\u2019ll notice that the more you use ClickUp, the smarter it gets. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Over time, ClickUp will automatically predict who you&#8217;ll assign certain tasks to, where you&#8217;ll put those tasks, and even determine if time estimates are accurate. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Be on the lookout for a progressively smarter ClickUp in the near months!<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Want to learn more?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are some amazing resources open to the public, and I wanted to share with you what I\u2019ve found to be the most helpful for newcomers.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Free Training Data: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/datasets\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kaggle<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">YouTube: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cKxRvEZd3Mw&amp;ab_channel=GoogleDevelopers\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Machine Learning Recipes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KoQdAdxjnoU&amp;ab_channel=TechEdEurope\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Architecting Predictive Algorithms for Machine Learning<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ki2iHgKxRBo\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supervised Learning &#8211; Georgia Tech &#8211; Machine Learning<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/entrepreneur-podcasts\/\">Podcasts<\/a>: <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/dataskeptic.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Data Skeptic<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.udacity.com\/podcasts\/linear-digressions\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Linear Digressions<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.learningmachines101.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Learning Machines 101<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coursera: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.coursera.org\/courses?languages=en&amp;query=machine+learning\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.coursera.org\/courses?languages=en&amp;query=machine+learning<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"mailto:help@clickup.com\">Let us know<\/a> where else you would like to see machine learning in ClickUp! <a href=\"https:\/\/app.clickup.com\/signup\">Let&#8217;s get productive<\/a>!<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ever wondered how computers learn on their own? 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":622,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"cu_sticky_sidebar_cta_is_visible":true,"cu_sticky_sidebar_cta_title":"Start using ClickUp today","cu_sticky_sidebar_cta_bullet_1":"Manage all your work in one place","cu_sticky_sidebar_cta_bullet_2":"Collaborate with your team","cu_sticky_sidebar_cta_bullet_3":"Use ClickUp for FREE\u2014forever","cu_sticky_sidebar_cta_button_text":"Get Started","cu_sticky_sidebar_cta_button_link":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[223],"tags":[224,225],"class_list":["post-615","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-software","tag-machine-learning","tag-tech"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/alternate-machine-learning-image.png","author_info":{"display_name":"Wes Brummette","author_link":"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/author\/wes\/"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Supervised Vs. 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