- What is Code Review?<\/a><\/li>
- Types of Code Review<\/a>
- Formal code review<\/a><\/li>
- Informal code review<\/a><\/li>
- Pull request review<\/a><\/li>
- Pair programming<\/a><\/li>
- Tool-assisted code review<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>
- Importance of a Code Review<\/a><\/li>
- Steps to Performing a Code Review<\/a>
- Plan your code review<\/a><\/li>
- Understand the code<\/a><\/li>
- Check out code<\/a><\/li>
- Run the code<\/a><\/li>
- Review it<\/a><\/li>
- Discuss issues and feedback<\/a><\/li>
- Enable action<\/a><\/li>
- Approve and merge<\/a><\/li>
- Reflection and improvement<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>
- How to Avoid Common Code Review Challenges<\/a><\/li>
- Effective Code Review Best Practices<\/a>
- 1. Integrate it into your software project management<\/a><\/li>
- 2. Plan thoroughly\u00a0<\/a><\/li>
- 3. Streamline workflows<\/a><\/li>
- 4. Encourage proactive communication\u00a0<\/a><\/li>
- 5. Automate what you can with AI code tools<\/a><\/li>
- 6. Learn and improve continuously<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>
- FAQs About the Code Review Process<\/a>
- 1. What is code review example?<\/a><\/li>
- 2. What are the three types of code review?<\/a><\/li>
- 3. How do you write a code review example?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n
What is Code Review?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Code review is the process of systematically examining someone’s code by one or more developers with the goal of identifying mistakes overlooked in the initial development phase. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
In the 1970s, Michael Fagan<\/a>, a software designer, introduced a process for code inspection. This has since been adapted and improved on by future generations of developers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Code review is effective in ensuring:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Consistency with design requirements<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Compliance with coding standards<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Bug detection early on in the process<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Knowledge sharing among stakeholders throughout the development lifecycle<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Maintainability and security<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Overall software quality and minimal technical debt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
In principle, code review offers extraordinary benefits. However, depending on your needs, goals, and current systems, some kinds of code review can be more beneficial than others. Let\u2019s see how.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Types of Code Review<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
From printing out code and going through it with a highlighter to running code through code editors<\/a>, there are dozens of ways in which you can perform code review. Here are the most common approaches followed by modern software development teams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Formal code review<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
This is a structured code review process, also called software inspection. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Process<\/strong>: Formal code review includes planning, overview, preparation, inspection meeting, and rework, typically led by a moderator in a meeting<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Applicability<\/strong>: This process is great when the standards are extremely high, such as compliance in industries like healthcare or finance<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Advantages<\/strong>: Effective and thorough in catching defects early<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Challenges<\/strong>: Rigorous and time-consuming <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Informal code review<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Less formal than the traditional review, this process involves one or more colleagues looking over the source code at their desks. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Process<\/strong>: Developers share their code with colleagues for review<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Applicability<\/strong>: Great for training and coaching junior developers<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Advantages<\/strong>: Quick and highly effective in error detection<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Challenges<\/strong>: Lacks the rigor and documentation of formal reviews<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Pull request review<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
This is common in distributed version control systems like Git, where developers push code changes to a shared repository branch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Process<\/strong>: Other team members review the changes before merging them into the main branch. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Applicability<\/strong>: For distributed teams following continuous integration and deployment workflows<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Advantages<\/strong>: Facilitates asynchronous feedback and quality assurance before integrating new code<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Challenges<\/strong>: Without real-time collaboration, learning can be delayed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Pair programming<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
This is an agile software development technique where two programmers work together at one workstation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Process<\/strong>: One developer, the driver, writes code while the other, the observer or navigator, reviews each line of code simultaneously. They can switch roles regularly. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Applicability<\/strong>: Great for complex programming problems that need multiple minds to collaborate<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Advantages<\/strong>: A real-time review process can find errors early and share knowledge within the team<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Challenges<\/strong>: Culturally and behaviorally, pair programming can be uncomfortable for team members, therefore becoming ineffective<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Tool-assisted code review<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
This is an automated code review process that takes the help of various purpose-built tools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Process<\/strong>: Tools scan code for specific types of errors, standards violations, and security vulnerabilities<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Applicability<\/strong>: Great when there is a shortage of time or resources <\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Advantages<\/strong>: Highly repeatable, quick, and cost-effective<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Challenges<\/strong>: Can not handle complex code that needs critical thinking capabilities; often useful as an assistance process instead of a replacement for manual code review<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Whichever method of code review you choose for your organization, its importance is undeniable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Importance of a Code Review<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
At its core, code reviews help eliminate mistakes. It acknowledges the limitations of an individual developer and seeks to enhance their capabilities systematically. Code review strengthens not just the code but the entire software development process. Here\u2019s how.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Optimizing bug detection<\/strong>: Fundamentally, code reviews help discover software bugs and vulnerabilities before the main codebase integration. Peer examination detects memory leaks, concurrency problems, or insecure code practices. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Testing<\/strong>: Code review enhances agile testing<\/a> outcomes with continuous product feedback even before it reaches the testing phase. Thus, it reduces the severity of defects that arise during formal tests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Continuous improvement<\/strong>: In the scrum framework, code reviews are integrated into the development cycle for continuous improvement. With code reviews, scrum teams catch and rectify issues early, building products that are shippable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Software quality<\/strong>: Code review is a preventive measure that enhances the software’s security and reliability, reducing the risk of costly errors and damaging issues after deployment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Developer productivity<\/strong>: The preemptive identification and resolution of issues streamlines the testing process. It frees testers and developers to focus on more complex scenarios and user experiences rather than basic functionality bugs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Experience all these benefits and more by following a structured code review process. Below is the starting point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Steps to Performing a Code Review<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Peer code review is a simple, singular step of going through lines of code for quality and programming standards. To be effective, however, there are several steps that come before and after. Let\u2019s look at them in order.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Plan your code review<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Before starting the review, set yourself up for success with a comprehensive plan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Define scope and objectives<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Identify which parts of the codebase need review<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Assign it to reviewers (or yourself)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Set the timeline for completion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
With a clear plan, you can organize your review process and set clear expectations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Understand the code<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
To review something, you need to understand it. Begin with context\u2014speak to the developer about the feature they\u2019re building, their solution approach, etc. Learn the code’s functionality and requirements. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Go through all available information from related documentation, user stories, or design specifications before reading the code. If you need more information, you can also use forms for software teams<\/a> to collect them. This step is crucial for a meaningful review.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Check out code<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Pull the latest code from the version control system to ensure you look at the most recent changes. This avoids reviewing outdated code that has already been modified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Run the code<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
If possible, execute the code to see its behavior in action. This helps you identify any obvious issues with the functionality that might not be apparent by just reading the code.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Review it<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Evaluate the code to find answers to the following questions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Is it easy to understand? Good code should be self-explanatory with appropriate comments where necessary<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Does it follow the defined coding standards and conventions?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Is it easy to maintain? Check for modular design, use of patterns, and extensibility<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Does it correctly implement the intended functionality?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Would it have performance issues? Check for unnecessary computations, excessive memory usage, or scalability concerns<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Is it secure? Look for common security vulnerabilities like SQL injections, cross-site scripting, or data leaks<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Does it have adequate unit or automated testing to cover the new changes?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Discuss issues and feedback<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
If your peer review returns issues, discuss it with the developer. If you work in a distributed team, you can use a product feedback software<\/a> to give pointers asynchronously. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
For synchronous reviews, set up meetings or paired sessions to hash it out. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Enable action<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Based on the code review and feedback, the developer must make necessary changes. Some might be simple edits to the code. Others might involve a complete rewrite to create the functionality in a more elegant, readable, and easy-to-maintain way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Approve and merge<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Once the feedback is taken care of, approve the code for merging into the main codebase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In some cases, especially after major reviews, it’s helpful to have a follow-up review to ensure that the changes made after the initial review are satisfactory and do not introduce new issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reflection and improvement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
After the review, reflect on the process and gather feedback from participants. You can use this to improve future code reviews.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As straightforward as it might seem, code reviews are intense activities prone to various challenges. Here are the ones you\u2019re most likely to face.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
How to Avoid Common Code Review Challenges<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Code reviews are both technical and behavioral. On the technical side, it involves reading and running the code to ensure that it is sound. Behaviorally, it involves giving and receiving feedback, taking action, and modifying future processes. In combination, this can be hard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Some of the most common code review challenges that teams face are as follows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Large changesets<\/strong>: Reviewing massive amounts of code at once can be overwhelming and ineffective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud83d\udc49Be agile. Encourage smaller, incremental changes. Break down large features into manageable chunks you can review and merge separately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Insufficient context<\/strong>: Without proper context, reviewers might not understand the intent behind the code, leading to less effective reviews.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud83d\udc49 Include concise descriptions of each code change, linking to relevant documentation, tickets, or design docs. Use inline comments to explain the “why” behind non-obvious code decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Personal bias<\/strong>: Reviews can be subjective, swayed by personal preferences rather than with the goal of improving code quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud83d\udc49 Establish and adhere to documented coding standards and guidelines. Ensure that the software development team collectively agrees on these standards. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. Time constraints<\/strong>: Developers may rush through code inspections due to tight deadlines, which can compromise the quality of the review.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud83d\udc49 Schedule code reviews like any critical task and allocate dedicated time for them in the project timeline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5. Lack of expertise<\/strong>: Reviewers might not always have the necessary background or expertise to review certain pieces of code effectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud83d\udc49 Involve multiple reviewers with complementary skills, and consider rotating review assignments to spread domain knowledge across the team.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
With that, let\u2019s get to the most important part: How you can put code review into practice in your engineering team.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Effective Code Review Best Practices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
If you\u2019ve read this far, you are already convinced of the benefits of code review and would like to learn how to do it right. We\u2019ve brought help.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Integrate it into your software project management<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Some teams look at code review as a step outside the software development lifecycle. Especially when they follow informal code reviews, it can be done tangentially. This is a mistake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
To run effective peer code reviews, integrate it into the development pipeline. If you\u2019re already using a project management tool like ClickUp<\/a> to manage your development, integrate code review as a step, stage, or status within.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
![\"ClickUp](\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Custom-status.png\")
ClickUp custom statuses to integrate code review into the workflow\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n 2. Plan thoroughly <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Show the code reviewer what they need to be reviewing for. Some of the best project management tools<\/a> already have features to bring all the information together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Set a clear framework and goals for each review session<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- List everything the reviewer needs to focus on <\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Highlight the acceptance criteria<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Organize the process on your software project management tool<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Archive past reviews to maintain continuity and accountability<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
This structured approach minimizes the likelihood of overlooking critical issues, enhances the thoroughness of the reviews, and helps track improvements over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
![\"ClickUp](\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/task-checklist.png\")
ClickUp task checklist<\/em><\/a> templates for repeatable code review processes<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n 3. Streamline workflows<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
No one likes an additional step in their work. So, make sure code reviews are a seamless part of the workflow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Add custom status for code review after the WIP or development stage<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Assign code reviewers based on their workload and availability<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Integrate your pipeline tools with your project management tool to trigger automatic code inspections upon commit or pull request creation<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Automate notifications to developers and reviewers for work that\u2019s coming up<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Create software development templates<\/a> to support future code reviews<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
![\"Github](\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Github-clickup-1.png\")
Link pull requests, commits, and branches to <\/em>Github tasks<\/em><\/a> and see all Github activity directly in ClickUp<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n 4. Encourage proactive communication <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Having clear communication among team members solves most code problems in fewer iterations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
For example, instead of simply stating, “This code is incorrect,” a reviewer can explain what is wrong, why it matters, and how it can be improved, possibly providing code examples or references. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
This approach makes the necessary corrections clear and enhances learning and collaboration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Consolidating all this feedback in the context of the task would be a game-changer. ClickUp\u2019s chat view<\/a> is designed to enable precisely this. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
![\"ClickUp](\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-373.png\")
Transparency in communication with <\/em>ClickUp for software teams<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n 5. Automate what you can with AI code tools<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Not every project evaluation<\/a> task needs to be done manually today. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Automate reviews<\/strong>: You can automate much of the code review process effectively and cost-efficiently with AI code tools<\/a>. These tools can quickly analyze vast amounts of code to identify patterns, anomalies, or deviations from best practices that might be difficult and time-consuming for human reviewers to spot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Automate review management<\/strong>: In addition to using the best code editors<\/a> to review the code base itself, you can also automate a number of surrounding tasks. For instance, ClickUp Brain<\/a> helps with: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Getting instant answers for task, project, and company-related questions <\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Documenting code review processes <\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Summarizing the internal documentation<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Creating handy checklists and action items<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Sending updates on progress to the team<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
![\"ClickUp](\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-18-1400x652.png\")
Get answers in no time with ClickUp Brain <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n 6. Learn and improve continuously<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Track the bugs and issues that are caught in code reviews. Identify patterns. For instance, if a developer uses : instead of ; which creates issues, you could perhaps set up an autocorrect. If certain code regularly creates performance issues, you can conduct root-cause analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- Applicability<\/strong>: Great when there is a shortage of time or resources <\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Applicability<\/strong>: Great for complex programming problems that need multiple minds to collaborate<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Applicability<\/strong>: For distributed teams following continuous integration and deployment workflows<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Applicability<\/strong>: Great for training and coaching junior developers<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Applicability<\/strong>: This process is great when the standards are extremely high, such as compliance in industries like healthcare or finance<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Process<\/strong>: Formal code review includes planning, overview, preparation, inspection meeting, and rework, typically led by a moderator in a meeting<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- 2. What are the three types of code review?<\/a><\/li>
- 2. Plan thoroughly\u00a0<\/a><\/li>
- Understand the code<\/a><\/li>
- Informal code review<\/a><\/li>
- Types of Code Review<\/a>
![\"ClickUp](\"https:\/\/clickup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/ClickUp-Software-Teams-Sprint-Dashboard-Example-1400x841.png\")